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1. Oxford American Dictionary

   challenge

   • IPA[ˈCHalənj]

   美式

   • n.
     a call to take part in a contest or competition, especially a duel；a task or situation that tests someone's abilities
   • v.
     invite (someone) to engage in a contest；enter into competition with or opposition against

   • verb: challenge, 3rd person present: challenges, gerund or present participle: challenging, past tense: challenged, past participle: challenged

   • noun: challenge, plural noun: challenges

2. • 釋義

   n.

   名詞

   • 1. a call to take part in a contest or competition, especially a duel he accepted the challenge 同義詞 dare, provocation, summons
   • ▪ a task or situation that tests someone's abilities the ridge is a challenge for experienced climbers 同義詞 problem, difficult task, test, trial, trouble, ... 更多bother, obstacle
   • ▪ an attempt to win a contest or championship in a sport a world title challenge
   • 2. an objection or query as to the truth of something, often with an implicit demand for proof a challenge to the legality of the order 同義詞 confrontation with, dispute with, stand against, test of, opposition, ... 更多disagreement with, questioning of, defiance, ultimatum
   • ▪ a sentry's call for a password or other proof of identity I heard the challenge “Who goes there?”
   • ▪ an objection regarding the eligibility or suitability of a jury member.
   • 3. the administration of an immunogenic or infectious agent to an animal or person, in order to study the resulting immune response or measure the efficacy of a vaccine challenge trials have yielded positive results when carefully and ethically conducted human challenge studies occur in tightly controlled settings

   v.

   動詞

   • 1. invite (someone) to engage in a contest he challenged one of my men to a duel organizations challenged the government in by-elections 同義詞 dare, summon, invite, bid, throw down the gauntlet to, ... 更多defy someone to do something
   • ▪ enter into competition with or opposition against the beauty industry as we know it is being challenged by a group of pioneers hoping to change the way we see our bodies
   • ▪ make a rival claim to or threaten someone's hold on (a position) they were challenging his leadership
   • ▪ invite (someone) to do or say something that one thinks will be difficult or impossible I challenge the Minister to deny these accusations
   • ▪ make demands on; prove testing to a new way of life that would challenge them 同義詞 test, tax, try, strain, make demands on, ... 更多weary, wear out, drain, sap, stretch, stimulate, arouse, inspire, excite, spur on
   • 2. dispute the truth or validity of it is possible to challenge the report's assumptions 同義詞 question, disagree with, object to, take exception to, confront, ... 更多dispute, take issue with, protest against, call into question, demur about/against, dissent from, be a dissenter from
   • ▪ object to (a jury member).
   • ▪ (of a guard) order (someone) to prove their identity the watchman did not challenge him
   • 3. administer an immunogenic or infectious agent to an animal or person, in order to study the resulting immune response or measure the efficacy of a vaccine the mice were challenged with the influenza virus